Digital exposure report
tau.ac.il
Critical findings in the observed public configuration. Some basic protections were not detected.
Scanned: 2026-11-15 19:22 UTC
Full coverage: every applicable check was assessed.
What to do first
- 1.
Tell receiving mail servers how to treat fake email from your domain
Without this policy, inboxes have less guidance for spotting messages that impersonate you.
Who can fix it: Your email provider, together with whoever manages your DNS
How to verify after the fix
dig +short TXT _dmarc.tau.ac.il
- 2.
Tell browsers to always use the secure version
Helps browsers use HTTPS on future visits after they have received the policy.
Who can fix it: Your web host
How to verify after the fix
curl -sIL https://tau.ac.il/ | grep -i "Strict-Transport-Security"
A starting point, not a security guarantee.
What this grade means
- Tested hostname
- tau.ac.il
- Website request
- GET https://tau.ac.il/ → https://www.tau.ac.il/
- Scan time
- 2026-11-15 19:22:47 UTC
- Grading method
- Version 2How grading works
- Unverified or excluded checks
- None. Every applicable check was assessed.
This is a snapshot of the public configuration checks listed in this report. It does not verify the site's owner, business legitimacy, application security, or absence of vulnerabilities. It is not a security certification.
Score by category
| Email security | 18/30 | Spoofing email in the company's name is possible in some cases. |
| Encryption & certificate | 18/25 | Encryption is in place, but a gap could expose users. |
| Browser protections | 11/30 | Several browser hardening headers are missing, which removes layers of protection against script injection and framing. |
| DNS infrastructure | 3/15 | The domain's infrastructure lacks basic protections. |
Fix priorities
- 1.HighHSTS — enforce encryption in the browser · Hardening gap+8
- 2.HighHTTP → HTTPS redirect · Hardening gap+7
- 3.MediumDMARC — anti-spoofing policy · Hardening gap+11
- 4.MediumDNSSEC — signed DNS records · Hardening gap+7
- 5.MediumCSP — protection from script injection · Hardening gap+8
- 6.LowCAA — who may issue certificates · Hardening gap+5
- 7.LowReferrer-Policy · Hardening gap+3
Findings
SPF — who may send mail for the domain
Passed · Severity: OK · 9/10An authorized sender list is defined; mail from other servers is flagged as suspicious.
~all (softfail) — acceptable when combined with enforced DMARC. 4 of 10 DNS lookups.
v=spf1 mx ip4:132.66.7.0/24 ip4:132.66.16.0/23 ip4:132.66.3.0/24 ip4:132.66.32.0/23 ip4:132.67.192.229 include:spf.protection.outlook.com ip4:91.199.212.0/24 ip4:129.159.142.46 ip4:132.66.253.0/24 ip4:95.183.6.151 include:_spf.salesforce.com include:msr10.com ~all
$ dig +short TXT tau.ac.il
DMARC — anti-spoofing policy
Needs attention · Severity: Medium · Hardening gap · 4/15DMARC is in monitoring mode only — forged email still reaches recipients.
Policy p=none. p=none collects reports but does not protect. No rua — no reports on spoofing attempts are received.
v=DMARC1; p=none;
$ dig +short TXT _dmarc.tau.ac.il
- Step 1 (monitoring, no effect on mail): publish p=none with an rua address to receive reports.
- Step 2: analyze reports for 2–4 weeks and make sure every legitimate sender passes SPF/DKIM.
- Step 3: move to p=quarantine, and finally to p=reject.
_dmarc.tau.ac.il. TXT "v=DMARC1; p=none; rua=mailto:dmarc@tau.ac.il; fo=1"
Safety: DNS changes are made only at your DNS provider. This tool only reads public data and changes nothing on the domain. Jumping straight to reject without a monitoring phase can block legitimate mail.
DKIM — digital signature on email
Passed · Severity: OK · 5/5A DKIM public key is published. On its own this doesn't prove outgoing mail is signed or aligned with your From domain.
DKIM public key found for selector: s1, s2. Confirm signing with dkim=pass in a sent message's Authentication-Results.
s1._domainkey: k=rsa; t=s; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAzPFFUYDcTBL28dJ12Px+Qy030wCE7gVr… s2._domainkey: k=rsa; t=s; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAygOZnCFsAIDH2GkD0sV1zKy8dErt7QTC…
$ dig +short TXT s1._domainkey.tau.ac.il
MX — inbound mail routing
Passed · Severity: OK · unscoredMail exchangers are published for the domain.
1 MX record(s). This shows where inbound mail is routed, not whether mail is sent from the domain.
0 mxtau.tau.ac.il
$ dig +short MX tau.ac.il
HTTPS available
Passed · Severity: OK · 10/10The site loads over an encrypted connection.
https://tau.ac.il/ returned HTTP 200 (final URL: https://www.tau.ac.il/). Client-side certificate validation passed.
HTTP 200 Final URL: https://www.tau.ac.il/
$ curl -sIL https://tau.ac.il/
HTTP → HTTPS redirect
Failed · Severity: High · Hardening gap · 0/7The site is also reachable over an unencrypted connection, so data may travel in plain text on public networks.
http://tau.ac.il/ returned HTTP 404 without redirecting to https://.
HTTP 404 Location: (none)
$ curl -sI http://tau.ac.il/ | grep -iE "^(HTTP|location)"
- Set up a permanent (301) redirect from every HTTP request to HTTPS on the server or CDN.
- Then add an HSTS header.
server {
listen 80;
server_name tau.ac.il www.tau.ac.il;
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}Safety: This change is made on your server. Make sure HTTPS works first, otherwise the site won't load.
SSL/TLS certificate validity
Passed · Severity: OK · 8/8The certificate was accepted by a validating TLS client at scan time.
Live TLS handshake succeeded. Latest issuance in CT logs: Amazon Trust Services, expiring 2027-01-20 (66 days). CT shows issued certificates, not necessarily the one served — confirm dates with the verify command.
Live TLS handshake: certificate accepted CT logs (context only, not scored): Issuer: Amazon Trust Services Valid from: 2026-07-07 Valid until: 2027-01-20 Names: *.tau.ac.il, tau.ac.il Based on Certificate Transparency logs; may not reflect the certificate currently served.
$ echo | openssl s_client -connect tau.ac.il:443 -servername tau.ac.il 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -noout -issuer -dates
HSTS — enforce encryption in the browser
Failed · Severity: High · Hardening gap · 0/8Browsers aren't told to always use an encrypted connection, enabling interception attacks on public networks.
No Strict-Transport-Security header. Users are exposed to SSL stripping on the first request.
Strict-Transport-Security: (missing)
$ curl -sIL https://tau.ac.il/ | grep -i "Strict-Transport-Security"
- Start with a short max-age (300 seconds) and make sure every subdomain works over HTTPS.
- Gradually raise it to 31536000 (one year) and add includeSubDomains.
- Consider preload only once the policy is stable — removal from the preload list is slow.
/* Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
Safety: This change is made in your server/CDN settings. Test on staging before production. HSTS is cached in the visitor's browser — a long max-age on a site without working HTTPS will block access.
CSP — protection from script injection
Failed · Severity: Medium · Hardening gap · 0/8Missing Content-Security-Policy header: this removes one layer of protection against script injection.
No Content-Security-Policy header found.
Content-Security-Policy: (missing)
$ curl -sIL https://tau.ac.il/ | grep -i "Content-Security-Policy"
- First publish Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only — it blocks nothing, it only reports.
- Collect violations for a week or two and tune the policy to your legitimate sources.
- Switch to the Content-Security-Policy header and replace 'unsafe-inline' with a nonce or hash.
/* Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only: default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; object-src 'none'; base-uri 'self'; frame-ancestors 'self'
Safety: This change is made in your server/CDN settings. Test on staging before production. An overly strict CSP will break scripts — that's why you start in Report-Only mode.
Clickjacking protection
Passed · Severity: OK · 5/5The site can't be embedded by foreign sites.
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
$ curl -sIL https://tau.ac.il/ | grep -i "X-Frame-Options"
X-Content-Type-Options
Passed · Severity: OK · 4/4The browser won't guess file types in a way that could execute code.
nosniff is set.
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
$ curl -sIL https://tau.ac.il/ | grep -i "X-Content-Type-Options"
Referrer-Policy
Failed · Severity: Low · Hardening gap · 0/3Internal URLs (including parameters) may leak to external sites.
Referrer-Policy is missing; the browser will use its default.
Referrer-Policy: (missing)
$ curl -sIL https://tau.ac.il/ | grep -i "Referrer-Policy"
- Set Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin.
/* Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
Safety: This change is made in your server/CDN settings. Test on staging before production.
Permissions-Policy
Passed · Severity: OK · 2/2The site restricts access to sensitive browser features.
Permissions-Policy: unload=()
Permissions-Policy: unload=()
$ curl -sIL https://tau.ac.il/ | grep -i "Permissions-Policy"
Software version disclosure
Passed · Severity: OK · unscoredThe server doesn't disclose software versions.
No version numbers found in the Server / X-Powered-By headers.
server: cloudflare x-powered-by: (missing)
$ curl -sIL https://tau.ac.il/ | grep -iE "^(server|x-powered-by)"
DNSSEC — signed DNS records
Needs attention · Severity: Medium · Hardening gap · 0/7The domain's records aren't signed, so in some scenarios users could be redirected to a forged server.
No DS record is published at the parent zone, so there's no DNSSEC chain of trust for this zone.
AD = false DS tau.ac.il: NODATA
$ dig +short DS tau.ac.il
- Enable DNSSEC at your DNS provider (one click at most providers).
- Copy the DS record your provider generates to your domain registrar.
- Wait for propagation and verify with DNSViz.
dig +dnssec tau.ac.il SOA delv tau.ac.il
Safety: DNS changes are made only at your DNS provider. This tool only reads public data and changes nothing on the domain. A wrong DS record at the registrar will make the domain stop resolving — copy it exactly from the provider.
CAA — who may issue certificates
Needs attention · Severity: Low · Hardening gap · 0/5Any certificate authority can issue a certificate for the domain, raising the risk of mis-issuance.
No CAA records found. RFC 8659 lets the domain owner restrict which CAs are authorized.
(no CAA records found)
$ dig +short CAA tau.ac.il
- Identify which certificate authority issued your current certificate (see the certificate check).
- Publish CAA for that authority only, and add iodef to receive alerts.
tau.ac.il. CAA 0 issue "letsencrypt.org" tau.ac.il. CAA 0 iodef "mailto:security@tau.ac.il"
Safety: DNS changes are made only at your DNS provider. This tool only reads public data and changes nothing on the domain. If your CDN issues certificates on your behalf, include it too — otherwise certificate renewal will fail.
DNS server redundancy
Passed · Severity: OK · 3/3The domain is served by several DNS servers, so one server failing won't take it down.
5 NS servers.
relay3.huji.ac.il relay2.huji.ac.il sdns.tau.ac.il relay4.huji.ac.il aristo.tau.ac.il
$ dig +short NS tau.ac.il
Indicative alignment
Best-practice mapping of public findings to common frameworks. Passive scanning tests public configuration only; it doesn't prove compliance or a violation.
- Google & Yahoo sender rules1 observed gaps
- PCI DSS v4.03 observed gaps
- NIS2 / vendor due diligence4 observed gaps
- SOC 2 / ISO 27001 baseline3 observed gaps
Indicative alignment only, based on public configuration. It doesn't establish whether a framework applies to you, and it isn't legal advice, an audit or a certification.
Public DNS records
| A | tau.ac.il | 159.60.138.158 |
| AAAA | tau.ac.il | — |
| MX | tau.ac.il | 0 mxtau.tau.ac.il |
| NS | tau.ac.il | relay3.huji.ac.il | relay2.huji.ac.il | sdns.tau.ac.il | relay4.huji.ac.il | aristo.tau.ac.il |
| TXT | tau.ac.il | openai-domain-verification=dv-zHI8PJxeboIbhwlmhLqYtYeV | v=spf1 mx ip4:132.66.7.0/24 ip4:132.66.16.0/23 ip4:132.66.3.0/24 ip4:132.66.32.0/23 ip4:132.67.192.229 include:spf.protection.outlook.com ip4:91.199.212.0/24 ip4:129.159.142.46 ip4:132.66.253.0/24 ip4:95.183.6.151 include:_spf.salesforce.com include:msr10.com ~all | ZA=SSpo2qwxySi7EuGbe1kIEw== | google-site-verification=qhTZak5vSQm-Rb81CPNby9Eb3BZisdKGMt0bkN3NjEA | HARICA-X1nBc22Njpc6IhfjKEV | 11609797 | heyhack-verification=019e402d-21c5-754c-a535-4b9d0f101ec9 | facebook-domain-verification=vanxxm59uceyf7u9jtnoa5dm6zjsn6 | jhhwzl64tpj55k344dgzht8rpddrf81j | google-site-verification=-CE_7SDx1YOudJG3r0Og6OXzVAPbODArBPyV9J2-AeI | google-site-verification=azQa0sH4vPqwGyEjWZV-1z14X8q80g_n9vXfRNDf56k | google-site-verification=-g1_h-IvZeb8S4_buMhMGgeTz9gW4v11-ci42pqz6LE | sending_domain190732=c0ad3f74b9b792657fbf27e83d20e226eaf1f3345bae8c7105e8d866ad2f49d3 |
| TXT | _dmarc.tau.ac.il | v=DMARC1; p=none; |
| CAA | tau.ac.il | — |
| DS | tau.ac.il | — |